Background and aim of the study: Although mitral stenosis has profound effects on the circulation and hemodynamics, few data exist regarding its impact on aortic elastic properties. The study aim was to determine the association between mitral stenosis and aortic elastic properties by using strain and distensibility as a surrogate.

Methods: Sixty-six patients with echocardiographic documentation of rheumatic mitral stenosis, and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. Aortic elasticity parameters including strain and distensibility were measured by means of echocardiography.

Results: The mean age of the patient and control groups were 41.8 +/- 12.0 and 38.9 +/- 5.0 years, respectively (p = 0.12). There was a significant impairment in distensibility and strain in the patient group compared to controls (0.276 +/- 0.167 versus 0.491 +/- 0.260 cm2 x dyn(-1), p = 0.001; 6.54 +/- 3.18% versus 9.19 +/- 4.78%, p = 0.015). There was a strong correlation between distensibility and left atrial diameter (p < 0.001; r = -0.39), left atrial volume index (p < 0.001; r = -0.56), mitral valve area (p < 0.001; r = 0.40), and mean transmitral gradient (p = 0.022; r = -0.18). Strain was also associated with left atrial diameter (p = 0.002; r = -0.32), left atrial volume index (p < 0.001; r = -0.41), mitral valve area (p = 0.002; r = 0.31), and mean transmitral gradient (p = 0.035; r = -0.18).

Conclusion: Mitral stenosis was shown to be associated with impaired aortic elasticity, but further studies are required to clarify the clinical significance of this finding.

Introduction: Thyroid disorders and diabetes are interrelated endocrine conditions. Individuals suffering from either disorder are at a significantly increased risk for the development of the alternate condition. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted to evaluate the association between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and hypothyroidism. Demographic and clinical information was systematically gathered through the utilization of a structured questionnaire, in conjunction with patient medical records. The variables encompassed age, gender, the duration of diabetes, and the history of complications associated with diabetes. Venous blood samples were obtained following an overnight fasting period. Subsequently, fasting blood sugar (FBS), postprandial blood sugar (PBS), and a thyroid function profile were conducted. The analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 20.0. Results: The study included a total of 108 participants. The predominant age demographic within the population is between 41 and 60 years, with the 51–60 age cohort representing the largest segment, consisting of 40 individuals, or 37.03% of the overall population. A substantial proportion of individuals exhibit HbA1c levels exceeding 8, underscoring a notable issue regarding insufficient diabetes management within this population. A significant segment of the population is presently exhibiting initial indicators of renal dysfunction. Diabetic neuropathy emerged as the most prevalent complication, affecting 39 individuals, which constitutes 36.11% of the cohort. Conclusion: Regular assessments of diabetes mellitus should be conducted in patients with hypothyroidism to facilitate early diagnosis, ensure optimal treatment, and prevent complications.

Background: Dengue fever is a rapidly emerging viral infection in tropical and subtropical regions, characterized by a broad clinical spectrum ranging from mild febrile illness to life-threatening complications. Recognizing its clinical manifestations and complication trends is essential for timely diagnosis and effective management. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical presentations and complication trends among patients diagnosed with dengue fever admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A total of 150 patients with laboratory-confirmed dengue and one or more warning signs were enrolled. Patients with co-infections or pre-existing comorbidities were excluded. Detailed clinical history, physical examination, and relevant investigations were performed. Complications were documented based on clinical and diagnostic findings. Results: Fever was the most common symptom (99.5%), followed by myalgia (70.4%), headache (46.4%), vomiting (43.2%), and abdominal pain (33.6%). Other notable symptoms included skin rash (25.6%), petechiae (19.2%), and altered sensorium (10.3%). Hemorrhagicmanifestations such as hematuria, malena, hematemesis, and epistaxis were observed in a minority of cases. Among the 150 patients, major complications included dengue with ARDS (38.8%), pleural effusion (33.3%), dengue encephalopathy (16.6%), and dengue-associated pneumonia (11.1%) Conclusion: Dengue fever continues to pose significant clinical challenges due to its varied presentations and potential for severe complications. Respiratory and neurological involvements are prominent among hospitalized patients. Early identification of warning signs and complications is crucial for effective management and improving patient outcomes in endemic settings.