Heart valve diseases, including aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, and tricuspid insufficiency, are major contributors to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Surgical techniques in valve repair and replacement have evolved dramatically over the last decade, with the advent of minimally invasive surgery, robotic-assisted interventions, and novel valve replacement technologies. This research article provides a comprehensive review of the latest innovations in surgical techniques, discussing their clinical applications, advantages over traditional methods, and future prospects. A detailed analysis of outcomes from recent clinical trials is also provided.