Prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is a severe infection associated with high morbidity and mortality in patients who have undergone valve replacement surgery. Its diagnosis and management are complex due to the involvement of both prosthetic material and native tissue. This article reviews the current approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PVE, including advancements in diagnostic imaging, antimicrobial therapy, and surgical interventions. It also discusses the prognostic factors that influence clinical outcomes.